Невизначене майбутнє метрології? Коментарі та приклади
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30837/2663-9564.2025.1.01Ключові слова:
метрологія, невизначеність, клімат, середньорічна температураАнотація
Коментарі мають на меті проілюструвати поточний стан метрології відповідно до її принципів і процедур, а саме щодо визначення та значення поняття невизначеності у вимірюванні, а також ввести попередження про розбіжності, які стають все більш частими у застосуваннях, які, як передбачається, стосуються рамки метрології, але в основному порушує метрологічні концепції.
Наведено два приклади, докладно необхідні для того, щоб прояснити інколи незначні відхилення від правильного застосування метрологічних правил: один випадок було знайдено в останньому метрологічному документі: саме визначення невизначеності; інший випадок знаходиться в критичному визначенні невизначеності основного параметра в оцінці зміни клімату: невизначеності, що впливає на поверхневу середньорічну температуру.
Посилання
Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Metrology.
De Bièvre P., On quality of a measurement result, Accred Qual Assur (2006) 11 pp. 597–598.
Price G., De Bièvre P. Accred Qual Assur (2009) 14 pp. 295–305.
Price G., Failures of the global measurement system. Part 1: the case of chemistry, Accred Qual Assur (2010) 15 pp. 421–427. https://doi.org//10.1007/s00769-010-0655-z .
F.Pavese, Some reflections on the proposed redefinition of the unit for amount of substance and of other SI units, Accred Qual Assur 16 (2011) pp. 161–165.
F.Pavese, Rounding and notation, namely when using stipulations in the definition of measurement units, Measurement, TC21 Special Issue, 46 (2013) n.9, ISSN 0263–2241, pp. 3725–3729.
F. Pavese, Some problems concerning the use of the CODATA fundamental constants in the definition of measurement units, Metrologia 51 (2014) pp. L1-L4.
F. Pavese, The New SI: some critical features and a critical review of the CCU 2016 Draft of the SI Brochure, online since 22 July 2016, Measurement 98 (2017) pp. 325-338, doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2016.07.058.
F. Pavese, A. Charky, Some important features of the proposed new definition of the International System of Units (SI) that the users should know about before 2018”, IJMQE 7(2016) pp. 403–413.
L. Mari, F. Pavese, A conceptual roadmap for setting up a system of units in the ‘New SI’ context”. arXivPhysics.ed-ph 1604.00982, pp. 6; Journal of Physics Conf. Series 772 (2016) 012011. https://doi.org//10.1088/1742-6596/772/1/012011 .
L. Mari, P. Blattner, F. Pavese, Improving the understand ability of the next edition of the International System of Units (SI) by focusing on its conceptual structure, Measurement 101 (2017) pp. 200–205.
F. Pavese, Is the revision of the SI ‘getting ahead of itself’?, “Чи є перегляд SI “забіганнямуперед”?” Ukrainian Metrology Journal, 2018 (3) pp. 11–17. https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2018.152405 .
L. Mari, M. Wilson, A. Maul, Measurement Across the Sciences, Ch. 2 Fundamental Concepts in Measurement, 2023 Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22448-5_2 .
F. Pavese: “Decisions at the time of Big Data”, Global Journal of Science: Frontier Research (A) 23 (7) pp. 1–7 (2023).
F. Pavese, Big Data and Dataism: Some metrological reflections, in “Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology and Testing XIII” (F. Pavese, A. Bošnjaković, S. Eichstädt, A. B. Forbes, J. Alves e Sousa, Eds.), Series on Advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences, Vol. 94, 2024, World Scientific Publishing Company, pp. 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789819800674_0009 .
Wikipedia, Big Data. Visited on October 14, 2024.
A. De Mauro, M. Greco, M. Grimaldi (2016), A Formal Definition of Big Data Based on its Essential Features, Library Review, 65 (3) pp. 122–135, https://doi.org/10.1108/LR-06-2015-0061 .
L. Mari, D. Petri, The Metrological Culture in the Context of Big Data: Managing Data-Driven Decision Confidence, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine 20 (5) 2017 pp. 4–20, https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2017.8036688 .
J. S. Torday, F. Baluska, Why control an experiment? From empiricism, via consciousness, toward Implicate Order, EMBO Reports 2019 Oct 4; 20(10): e49110. Published online 2019 Sep 3. https://doi.org10.15252/embr.201949110 . PMCID: PMC6776925.
D. Bohm, Wholeness and the implicate order. London: Routledge (2002).
F.A. Hayek, The sensory order. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press(1952).
F. Pavese, Big-Data handling as a metrological challenge beyond digitalisation: some reflections, Acta IMEKO December 2024.
D. Petri, Big Data, Dataism and Measurement IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine May 2020, 1094-6969/20.
C. Anderson, The end of theory: the data deluge makes the scientific method obsolete, Wired, 2008. https://www.wired.com/2008/06/pb-theory .
BIPM. Report of the 24th meeting of the JCGM (2021).
T.S. Kuhn, The structure of scientific revolutions, third ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1996.
R. Willink, On revision of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement: Proofs of fundamental errors in Bayesian approaches. Measurement: Sensors 24 (2022) 100416.
Arias, P.A., N. Bellouin, E. Coppola, R.G. Jones, G. Krinner, J. Marotzke, V. Naik, M.D. Palmer, G.-K. Plattner, J. Rogelj, M. Rojas, J. Sillmann, T. Storelvmo, P.W. Thorne, B. Trewin, K. Achuta Rao, B. Adhikary, R.P. Allan, K. Armour, G. Bala, R. Barimalala, S. Berger, J.G. Canadell, C. Cassou, A. Cherchi, W. Collins, W.D. Collins, S.L. Connors, S. Corti, F. Cruz, F.J. Dentener, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, A. DiongueNiang, F.J. Doblas-Reyes, A. Dosio, H. Douville, F. Engelbrecht, V. Eyring, E. Fischer, P. Forster, B. Fox-Kemper, J.S. Fuglestvedt, J.C. Fyfe, N.P. Gillett, L. Goldfarb, I. Gorodetskaya, J.M. Gutierrez, R. Hamdi, E. Hawkins, H.T. Hewitt, P. Hope, A.S. Islam, C. Jones, D.S. Kaufman, R.E. Kopp, Y. Kosaka, J. Kossin, S. Krakovska, J.-Y. Lee, J. Li, T. Mauritsen, T.K. Maycock, M. Meinshausen, S.-K. Min, P.M.S. Monteiro, T. Ngo-Duc, F. Otto, I. Pinto, A. Pirani, K. Raghavan, R. Ranasinghe, A.C. Ruane, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, B.H. Samset, S. Sathyendranath, S.I. Seneviratne, A.A. Sörensson, S. Szopa, I. Takayabu, A.-M. Tréguier, B. van den Hurk, R. Vautard, K. von Schuckmann, S. Zaehle, X. Zhang, and K. Zickfeld, 2021: Technical Summary. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 33−144. https://doi.org10.1017/9781009157896.002 .
Jones, R.N., A. Patwardhan, S.J. Cohen, S. Dessai, A. Lammel, R.J. Lempert, M.M.Q. Mirza, and H. von Storch, 2014: Foundations for decision making. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 195-228.
M. Leroy, Sustained Performance Classification for Surface Observing Stations on Land (WMO, 2013).
M. Lacombe, D. Bousri, M. Leroy, and M. Mezred: Instruments and Observing Methods report No. 106 WMO Field Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields and Humidity Measuring Instruments, WMO/TD- No. 1579, IOM Report No. 106, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva Switzerland, 2011.
M. Leroy, in: WMO (2010), Papers Presented at the WMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation (TECO–2010), Instruments and Observing Methods Report No. 104.
M. Leroy, Technical Note No. 35: Site Classification, Meteo France, November 1999.
World Meteorological Organization, 1998: WMO Intercomparison of Present Weather Sensors/Systems: Final Report (Canada and France, 1993–1995) (M. Leroy, C. Bellevaux and J.P. Jacob). Instruments and Observing Methods Report No. 73, WMO/TD‑No. 887, Geneva.
World Meteorological Organization, Siting Classification for Surface Observing Stations on Land, 2020.
Private Communication from a WMO Officer.
Kunreuther H., S. Gupta, V. Bosetti, R. Cooke, V. Dutt, M. Ha-Duong, H. Held, J. Llanes-Regueiro, A. Patt, E. Shittu, and E. Weber, 2014: Integrated Risk and Uncertainty Assessment of Climate Change Response Policies. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
F. Pavese, On the classification in random and systematic effects, AMCTM XI, 2018, in "Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology and Testing XI” (A.B. Forbes, N.F. Zhang, A.G. Chunovkina, S. Eichstädt, F. Pavese, Eds.) vol.11, Series on Advances in Mathematics for Applied Sciences vol. 89, World Scientific, Singapore, October 2018, pp. 58–69.
F. Pavese, About a new concept diagram for the measurement process and related terms, Ukrainian Metrological Journal, 2020 pp. 1–3. UDC 006.91. https://doi.org10.24027/2306-7039.3A.2020.217689 .
